树莓派基础配置

发布于 2018-11-24  13 次阅读

树莓派基本配置

测试用树莓派为3B，是去年搞比赛买的了，现在3B+都出来了，而且价格也不贵。在配置和使用上都没有什么区别，就是新款性能更加强劲了

系统为官网的 Raspbian

1.默认系统密码

Id：pi

Password：raspberry

2.配置无线网络连接

我们需要让树莓派连接上网络，才能进行接下来的各种软件环境的安装搭建

设置SSID及密码

使用root权限编辑文件 /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
ctrl_interface_group=0
ap_scan=2
network={
    ssid=“WIFI名称“
    proto=WPA2
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
    pairwise=TKIP
    group=TKIP
    psk=”WIFI密码“
    }

然后在/etc/network/interfaces中配置

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet manual
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet manual
    wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
allow-hotplug wlan1
iface wlan1 inet manual
    wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

设置静态ip

修改文件/etc/network/interfaces

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet dhcp
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet manual
wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
iface default inet static
address 192.168.1.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservers x.x.x.x #你的本地dns地址

连接WIFI不广播隐藏SSID

在ssid=”xxxx”下面加一行scan_ssid=1

sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
ctrl_interface_group=0
ap_scan=2
network={
    ssid=“网络id“
    scan_ssid=1
    proto=WPA2
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
    pairwise=TKIP
    group=TKIP
    psk=”密码“}

使用命令重启网络

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

2.配置开机自动启动脚本

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

#打印出树莓派IP地址
_IP=$(hostname -I) || true
if [ "$_IP" ]; then
  printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP"
fi
#开机自动发送ip到邮箱的脚本
#python /home/pi/send_ip.py
exit 0

附上自动发送ip到邮箱的Python脚本

#!\usr\bin\env python
#-*-coding: utf-8-*-
import socket
import time
import smtplib
import urllib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.utils import formataddr

#ping百度来检查网络连通性
def check_network():
    errorTime=5
    while errorTime>0:
        try:
            result=urllib.urlopen('http://baidu.com').read()
            print result
            print "Network is Ready!"
            break
        except Exception,e:
            print e
            print "Network is not ready,Sleep 5s..."
            time.sleep(5)
    return True

#获取本机指定接口的ip地址
def get_ip_address():
    s =socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    s.connect(("1.1.1.1",80))
    ipaddr=s.getsockname()[0]
    s.close()
    return ipaddr

#stmp服务配置
def sendEmail():
    ret=True
    ipaddr=get_ip_address();
    try:
        msg=MIMEText(ipaddr,'plain','utf-8')
        msg['From']=formataddr(["发件人",'发件地址'])
        msg['To']=formataddr(["收件人",'收件地址'])
        msg['Subject']="树莓派IP"
        server=smtplib.SMTP_SSL("邮箱smtp地址",smtp端口)
        server.login("发件人邮箱地址","SMTP的授权码")
        server.sendmail('收件地址',['收件地址',],msg.as_string())
        server.quit()
        print('邮件发送成功')
        ret=True
    except:
        ret=False

if  __name__ == '__main__' :
    check_network()
    sendEmail()

最后使用chmod命令为脚本修改777权限

3.修改apt源

1、原文件备份

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2、编辑源列表文件

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

3、将原来的列表删除，添加如下内容

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi

4、修改sources.list.d/raspi.list

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list

deb http://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ stretch main ui
deb-src http://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ stretch main ui

5、删除缓存

rm /var/lib/apt/lists/*  -rf

6、更新

运行sudo apt-get update

成功之后就可以为所欲为地安装想要的软件和环境啦

注意巨坑

树莓派的Raspbian系统是基于Ubuntu改造的

Ubuntu的源每个版本都不一样！而且特别是arm架构的linux更不一样，不能和x86的通用

每个版本有它的版本号，在配置源的时候用得上

18.04
bionic
17.10
artful
16.04
xenial
15.10
willy
14.04
trusty

arm上建议使用清华源 可以进去看看main目录下有没有binary-arm64文件夹

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe

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